[50], The agricultural output of the Punjab region in Pakistan contributes significantly to Pakistan's GDP. Transportation and travel (by road, by rail, and on the rivers) is excellent. [56], This article is about the geographical region. Majha is between the Beas and Chenab and on both sides of the Ravi, this part is called the heart of Punjab and its cities include, Lahore, Amritsar, Gurdaspur, Sialkot, Kasur, Lyallpur(Faisalabad), Faridkot and Ferozepur. About 57.7% of the population of Punjab state is Sikh, 38.5% is Hindu, and the rest are Muslims, Christians, and Jains. [42] However, in Jhelum, 35 British soldiers of HM XXIV regiment were killed by the local resistance, and in Ludhiana, a rebellion was crushed with the assistance of the Punjab chiefs of Nabha and Malerkotla. Considered one of the most beautiful planned cities in the world with its manmade lake, it has the highest standard of living and the highest per capita income in India. This page was last edited on 26 May 2011, at 18:16. The Delhi Sultanate ruled the Punjab for the next three hundred years, led by five unrelated dynasties, the Mamluks, Khalajis, Tughlaqs, Sayyids and Lodis. The formation of the Himalayan Range of mountains to the east and north-east of the Punjab is the result of a collision between the north-moving Indo-Australian Plate and the Eurasian Plate. The Afghan forces of Durrani Empire (also known as the Afghan Empire), under the command of Ahmad Shah Durrani, entered Punjab in 1749, and captured Punjab—with Lahore being governed by Pashtuns—and Kashmir regions. The vast majority of Pakistani Punjabis are Sunni Muslim by faith, but also include large minority faiths, such as Shia Muslim, Ahmadis, Hinduism, Sikhism and Christians. In 1526, the Delhi Sultanate was conquered and succeeded by the Turko-Mongol Mughal Empire. [51] Pakistani Punjab produces 68% of Pakistan's food grain production. [44] The Punjabi language has official status and is widely used in education and administration in Indian Punjab, whereas in Pakistani Punjab these roles are instead communicated by the Urdu language. [33], There are three main seasons and two transitional periods. [2] In British India, until the Partition of India in 1947, the Punjab Province encompassed the present-day Indian states and union territories of Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Chandigarh and Delhi and the Pakistani regions of Punjab and Islamabad Capital Territory. The period was also notable for the emergence of Guru Nanak (1469–1539), the founder of Sikhism. List of Five Rivers of Punjab. The area beyond the Chenab river in North and around river Jhelum is called Pothohar, cities include Rawalpindi, Hasan Abdal, etc. During the hot season from mid-April to the end of June, the temperature may reach 49 °C (120 °F). 1966: Indian Punjab divided into three parts: Sims, Holly. Accordingly, the Punjab region is very diverse and stretches from the hills of the Kangra Valley to the plains and to the Cholistan Desert. Using the 1947 definition, the Punjab borders the Balochistan and Pashtunistan regions to the west, Kashmir to the north, the Hindi Belt to the east, and Rajasthan and Sindh to the south. Alexander returned to Iran before crossing the river Beas, as his forces, now so far from their homelands, refused to go any further. [52] Its share of Pakistan's GDP has historically ranged from 51.8% to 54.7%. Find Punjab river map showing rivers which flows in and oust side of the State Punjab and highlights district and state boundaries. In the Majha part of Punjab many new cities were developed by converting the forests into cultivating land and is called Bar, cities include Lyallpur (Faisalabad), Montgomery, etc. After Ranjit Singh's death, assassinations and internal divisions severely weakened the empire. It includes the following: The historical region of Punjab is considered to be one of the most fertile regions on Earth. The geographical definition of the term "Punjab" has changed over time. The 1947 definition defines the Punjab region with reference to the dissolution of British India, whereby the then British Punjab Province was partitioned between what would become India and Pakistan. For the province of Pakistan, see. When King Poros was taken before Alexander the Greek asked Porus how he thought he should be dealt with. The ancient Greeks referred to the region as Pentapotamía (Greek: Πενταποταμία),[17][18][19] which has the same etymology as the original Persian word. The major language is Punjabi, (Gurmukhi: ਪੰਜਾਬੀ; Shahmukhi: پنجابی) written in India with the Gurmukhi script, and in Pakistan using the Shahmukhi script. The major cities in this part of punjab are Jalandhar, Hoshiarpur and Nawanshahr. Happy pinning. The two main religions of the Indian Punjab region are Sikhism and Hinduism. [16] All are tributaries of the Indus River, the Sutlej being the largest. [4] The Punjab region is often referred to as the breadbasket in both India and Pakistan. Historic foreign invasions mainly targeted the most productive central region of the Punjab known as the Majha region,[3] which is also the bedrock of Punjabi culture and traditions. Following the death of Muhammad of Ghor in 1206 the Ghurid state fragmented and in northern India was replaced by the Delhi Sultanate. The Crossing at Attock: As soon as the British annexed area around present day Punjab-NWFP boundary, they started working on the idea of bridging Indus at Attock. Sep 8, 2013 - No porn or Kama sutra or naked people or offensive pictures or writing ,your pin will be removed and you will be removed from this Board. Punjab has always been a land of great saints and fighters. Porus answered that he should be shown the respect owed a king. [37] Menander carved out a Greek kingdom in the Punjab and ruled the region till his death in 130 BCE. In 711–713 CE, the 18-year-old Arab general Muhammad bin Qasim of Taif, a city in what is now Saudi Arabia, came by way of the Arabian Sea with Arab troops to defeat Raja Dahir. ", This page was last edited on 12 November 2020, at 04:25. At the time of the formation of the Dal Khalsa in 1748 at Amritsar, the Punjab had been divided into 36 areas and 12 separate Sikh principalities, called Misl. Six years later, the British East India Company was given an excuse to declare war, and in 1849, after two Anglo-Sikh wars, the Punjab was annexed by the East India Company. See more ideas about Canals, Punjab, River. Another definition of the Punjab region adds to the definitions cited above and includes parts of Rajasthan on linguistic lines and takes into consideration the location of the Punjab rivers in ancient times. Out of the 36 areas, 22 were united by Maharaja Ranjit Singh. [citation needed]. [9] The origin of the word Punjab can probably be traced to the Sanskrit panca-nada ([pɐntʃɐnɐd̪ɐ]), which literally means 'five rivers', and is used as the name of a region in Mahabharata. Punjabis celebrate different festivals based on their following culture, season and religion: Traditional Punjabi clothing differs depending on the region. Since 1947, when the historic Punjab was divided in two parts with a portion in Indian and another in Pakistani both halves still share the name Panjab. The other 14 accepted East India Company sovereignty. The five rivers that give Punjab its name, the Jhelum, the Chenab, the Ravi, the Sutlej, and the Beas, merge to form the Panjnad, which flows into the Indus. [23][24][25], Using the older definition, the Punjab region covers a large territory and can be divided into five natural areas:[1]. In a long line of succeeding rulers of the area, Chandragupta Maurya and Ashoka stand out as the most renowned. Both east and west Punjab produce a relatively high proportion of India and Pakistan's food output respectively. As a result of several invasions from Central Asia and the Middle East, many ethnic groups and religions make up the cultural heritage of the Punjab. Happy pinning . [28][29][30][31] In particular, the Sri Ganganagar and Hanumangarh districts are included in the Punjab region. Punjab (/ p ʌ n ˈ dʒ ɑː b / (), /-ˈ dʒ æ b /, / ˈ p ʌ n dʒ ɑː b /, /-dʒ æ b /; native pronunciation: [pənˈdʒaːb]), also spelled and romanised as Panjāb, is a geopolitical, cultural and historical region in South Asia, comprising areas of eastern Pakistan and northern India.The boundaries of the region are ill-defined and focus on historical accounts.