naming organic compounds pdf

Level 1. 5 0 obj )��V-0��4K�B$�������s��N83��)���h���T�G���E�f���4We��{P����.�h��eR%�V)��`�Ι k��7��5�A Ӈ>-L�����J���Da�������K5K�d��!UA`,[T�8a���4�(���"gQi� u���62���Xx@�Oi�m���l{O�� �ׇ�ä��m�����r��t�n�uY���J����#R�Iɲ1�.WE�U*FD�؍��%K��b)�{lSdT��X�,3�)r{ŷH�0]. This compound's branch has a formula of C2H5, so its name is 'ethyl-. In alkanes, an alkyl group is always bonded to a hydrogen (R―H). Last Updated: October 7, 2019 Naming Binary Ionic Compounds • Compounds of one metallic element and one nonmetal (e.g. Naming Organic Compounds Practice EXERCISES A. For each alkyl group, the formula is determined by substituting the value of n into the general formula. There are also two hydroxyl groups (OH) attached to the main chain. Please note these categories can be modified in the section "Create your own quiz". ', Which chain is the longest (main) chain and how many carbon atoms does it contain? [B] Compounds containing multiple bonds ( double/ triple bonds) too. If you really can’t stand to see another ad again, then please consider supporting our work with a contribution to wikiHow. This will allow us to determine what the prefix should be. An alkanoic acid would be represented as R―COOH and and alkanol would be represented as R―O―H. The molecular formula of ammonia is NH3. Similarly, the alkyl groups ethyl- (C2H5), propyl- (C3H7), butyl- (C4H9), pentyl- (C5H11), etc follow the same pattern. An alkyl group is essentially and alkane with one hydrogen atom removed, so it has a general formula of 'CnH2n+1.' The nitrogen has 5 number of valance electrons; it is bonded to 3 hydrogen atoms, so it has 1 lone pair of electrons. What about other organic compounds? Select one of the options below to try a quiz of this level. Thus, the compound is a variation of butanoic acid. This is because they all possess the same functional group. endobj When naming organic compounds, the IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) system of nomenclature is used. The ethyl branch is at position 2 (as opposed to position 3 if we count from the right). 1) I 8) Br CH3 2) CH3 H2C CH3 H3C CH CH2CH2 9) H3C H 3C C CCHCHCH H2C CH3 3) H3C C CH2CH3 O 10) … Organic Nomenclature. Then remove the 'e' at the end of the alkane's name and add the suffix '-ol' for alkanols and '-oic acid' for alkanoic acids instead. This article has been viewed 36,919 times. Level 2. Naming of all organic compounds can be done in three steps as, To simplify the nomenclature process, differentiate the organic compounds in four categories as, [A] Compounds containing carbon to carbon single bonds and substituents only. Thus, the compound is a variation of, The hydroxyl groups are at the 2 and 3 positions (regardless of which way you count from). �8ic@�wli`�1{A�c)�c=N�����>4$%����0�#r�s1␑�#�?�ؚ�Y�q$Nw����#�S����M���_i���c8�WQ58�ˆxΧ0 po [C] Compounds containing one functional group ( monofunctional compounds). Naming complex organic compounds such as codeine or adenosine is difficult and will not be expected from high school or first year university students. Naming Rules for Organic Compounds The names of organic molecules are divided into three parts; 1. the ‘root’ name, indicative of the number of carbon atoms in the longest continuous chain, which includes the highest priority functional group. endobj By using our site, you agree to our. The one above contains only single bonded carbon atoms and has a molecular formula of C6H14 (which matches the general formula of an alkane) and is therefore an alkane. Help; About; Nomenclature rules; Home; Try a quiz. While hydrocarbons often refer to burnable compounds, the words mean pretty much the same thing. wikiHow is a “wiki,” similar to Wikipedia, which means that many of our articles are co-written by multiple authors. The prefix tells the number of carbon atoms in the chain while the suffix tells the functional group present. So, if you are told to name an alkanol of molecular formula C4H9OH (OH is the functional group), you would first determine the name of the alkane with 4 carbon atoms, The procedure is essentially the same for naming an alkanoic acid, for example, C2H5COOH. Structures can be named in different ways sometimes using by their common names and sometimes by using a nomenclature. We use cookies to make wikiHow great. We must find the positions of these as well: The hydroxyl groups are at the 2 and 3 positions (regardless of which way you count from). Naming Straight-Chain Alkanols and Alkanoic Acids. wikiHow is where trusted research and expert knowledge come together. 1835 �.\�j�x��������9�����rT����<==F�5z�h�q:K� �rx2��@�6Gb4���L�R���p8�]�:�̆4===)))@����+��h�(j0҈�挌� QVVV��H4CT ���Ȍ�p����2y������䵹s��7n�;�-"���:�ר�l���nP]d0g����M=]� ~���f/g��?��u��q޼������--eܧ�T�ÃӦ��`��-cǎ&f[$ (You may have already noticed the pattern with the naming of this compound, but we will discuss this in the latter half of this post). % of people told us that this article helped them. Upon selecting an option, the corresponding categories to the different levels will be identified. Now that we have established alkyl groups, we can begin to understand how to name certain compounds. stream �� ����%� So, when n=1, the formula of the alkyl group is C(1)H2(1)+1, or CH3. 'p�\a|������p����+Q�)R�g�@Bf�=��8pݖ (Note: the total number of carbon atoms is counted when naming unbranched compounds), Naming Branched-chain Alkanes and Alkenes. The above method works for compounds with one functional group, but you will also be required to name compounds with multiple functional groups/branches. Chemistry 1110 – Organic Chemistry IUPAC Nomenclature Of the approximately 32 million unique chemical compounds presently known, over 95% of them can be classified as organic; i.e., containing carbon.