Like many other languages, Marathi uses distinct names for the numbers 1 to 20 and each multiple of 10, and composite ones for those greater than 20. Vinayak Damodar Savarkar, a noted Hindutva ideologue, writer, and poet, contributed to the Marathi language by coining new Marathi equivalents for words from other languages, mostly English. Mahanubhava literature generally comprises works that describe the incarnations of gods, the history of the sect, commentaries on the Bhagavad Gita, poetical works narrating the stories of the life of Krishna and grammatical and etymological works that are deemed useful to explain the philosophy of sect. In its phonology, it contrasts apico-alveolar with alveopalatal affricates and alveolar with retroflex laterals ([l] and [ɭ] (Marathi letters ल and ळ respectively). Dialects bordering other major language areas have many properties in common with those languages, further differentiating them from standard spoken Marathi. The primary word order of Marathi is subject–object–verb[86] Marathi follows a split-ergative pattern of verb agreement and case marking: it is ergative in constructions with either perfective transitive verbs or with the obligative ("should", "have to") and it is nominative elsewhere. Shridhar Kulkarni came from the Pandharpur area and his works are said to have superseded the Sanskrit epics to a certain extent. [35] The Persian influence continues to this day with many Persian derived words used in every day speech such as bāg (Garden), kārkhānā (factory), shahar (city), bāzār (market), dukān (shop), hushār (clever), kāḡaḏ (paper), khurchi (chair), jamin (land), jāhirāt (advertisement), and hazār (thousand)[36] Marathi also became language of administration during the Ahmadnagar Sultanate. [91] Prior to these Marathi equivalents, words from other languages were widely used, which was unacceptable to Savarkar. From the 13th century until the beginning of British rule in 19th century, Marathi was written in the Modi script for administrative purposes but in Devanagari for literature. Varhadi (Varhādi) (वऱ्हाडी) or Vaidarbhi (वैदर्भी) is spoken in the Western Vidarbha region of Maharashtra. Marathi is usually written in the Balbodh[76][77][78][79] version of Devanagari script, an abugida consisting of 36 consonant letters and 16 initial-vowel letters. Delivered to your inbox! Moreover, Marathi preserves certain Sanskrit patterns of pronunciation, as in the words purṇa and rāma compared to purṇ and rām in Hindi. 'Marathyancha Itihaas' by Dr. Kolarkar, Shrimangesh Publishers, Nagpur, 'History of Medieval Hindu India from 600 CE to 1200 CE, by C. V. Vaidya, Marathi Sahitya (Review of the Marathi Literature up to I960) by Kusumavati Deshpande, Maharashtra Information Centre, New Delhi. [44][45][46][47], The first Marathi translation of the New Testament was published in 1811 by the Serampore press of William Carey. Learn a new word every day. Test Your Knowledge - and learn some interesting things along the way. [33] Mukteshwar translated the Mahabharata into Marathi; Tukaram (1608–49) transformed Marathi into a rich literary language. The 13th-century varkari saint Dnyaneshwar (1275–1296) wrote a treatise in Marathi on Bhagawat Gita popularly called Dnyaneshwari and Amritanubhava. Indic scholars distinguish 42 dialects of spoken Marathi. Marathi: The Language and its Linguistic Traditions - Prabhakar Machwe, Indian and Foreign Review, 15 March 1985. [41] Mukteshwar was the grandson of Eknath and is the most distinguished poet in the Ovi meter. The Government also has a policy of replying in Marathi to correspondence received in Marathi. Many Marathi websites, including Marathi newspapers, have become popular especially with Maharashtrians outside India. Singular Nonbinary ‘They’: Is it ‘they are’ or ‘they is’? Tukaram wrote over 3000 abhangs or devotional songs. श ष स A committee appointed by the Maharashtra State Government to get the Classical status for Marathi has claimed that Marathi existed at least 2300 years ago alongside Sanskrit as a sister language. [62] Notable Dalit authors writing in Marathi include Arun Kamble, Shantabai Kamble, Raja Dhale, Namdev Dhasal, Daya Pawar, Annabhau Sathe, Laxman Mane, Laxman Gaikwad, Sharankumar Limbale, Bhau Panchbhai, Kishor Shantabai Kale, Narendra Jadhav, Keshav Meshram, Urmila Pawar, Vinay Dharwadkar, Gangadhar Pantawane, Kumud Pawde and Jyoti Lanjewar. Marathi is included among the languages which stand a part of the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution of India, thus granting it the status of a "scheduled language". Hindu Traditionalism and Nationalist Ideologies in Nineteenth-Century Maharashtra. [90], Marathi has also shared directions, vocabulary, and grammar with languages such as Indian Dravidian languages,[90] and foreign languages such as Persian,[36] Arabic, English and also from Romance languages like French, Spanish, Portuguese and other European languages.[90]. Also Vijay Tendulkar's plays in Marathi have earned him a reputation beyond Maharashtra. Therefore, तयाचे will be 'təyāche', not 'tyāche'. [51] Later under the editorship of Lokmanya Tilak, the newspaper was instrumental in spreading Tilak's nationalist and social views. Both events are very popular among Marathi speakers. Marathi borrows a lot of its vocabulary from Sanskrit. Va. Shirwadkar, popularly known as Kusumagraj. [15] The Government of Maharashtra has submitted an application to the Ministry of Culture to grant classical language status to Marathi.[16]. These excursions by the Marathas helped to spread Marathi over broader geographical regions. Shrilipee, Shivaji, kothare 2,4,6, Kiran fonts KF-Kiran[94] and many more (about 48) are clip fonts that were used prior to the introduction of Unicode standard for Devanagari script. Modern Asian Studies, 10(3), pp.321-348. [59] His first collection of stories, Jevha Mi Jat Chorali (जेव्हा मी जात चोरली) (When I Stole My Caste), published in 1963, created a stir in Marathi literature with its passionate depiction of a cruel society and thus brought in new momentum to Dalit literature in Marathi. However, the Marathi language from the era is heavily persianised in its vocabulary. This page was last edited on 10 November 2020, at 15:49. Maharashtri was often used for poetry and as such, diverged from proper Sanskrit grammar mainly to fit the language to the meter of different styles of poetry. [41], The British colonial period starting in early 1800s saw standardisation of Marathi grammar through the efforts of the Christian missionary William Carey. Use this free dictionary to get the definition of friend in Marathi … The Mahanubhava sect made Marathi a vehicle for the propagation of religion and culture. Adjective. 'Nip it in the butt' or 'Nip it in the bud'? fossilized, outdated, antiquated. [50] Keshavasut, the father of modern Marathi poetry published his first poem in 1885. [74] The Marathi version of Devanagari, called Balbodh, is similar to the Hindi Devanagari alphabet except for its use for certain words. [29] Marathi became the dominant language of epigraphy during the last half century of the dynasty's rule (14th century), and may have been a result of the Yadava attempts to connect with their Marathi-speaking subjects and to distinguish themselves from the Kannada-speaking Hoysalas.[28][31]. [95], Marathi Language Day (मराठी दिन/मराठी दिवस (transl. With 83 million speakers as 2011, Marathi ranks 10th in the list of most spoken languages in the world. The oldest book in prose form in Marathi, Vivēkasindhu (विवेकसिंधु), was written by Mukundaraja, a Nath yogi and arch-poet of Marathi. Under him, the language used in administrative documents became less persianised. The Goa, Daman, and Diu Official Language Act, 1987 makes Konkani the official language but provides that Marathi may also be used "for all or any of the official purposes". Marathi definition, an Indic language of western and central India: the principal language of the state of Maharashtra. [citation needed] Marathi is also spoken by Maharashtrian migrants to other parts of India and overseas. Gāwḍi, A. M. Ghatage & P. P. Karapurkar. What made you want to look up Marathi? They used Brahmins of Pune for this task and adopted the Sanskrit dominated dialect spoken by the elite in the city as the standard dialect for Marathi. Marathi retains the original Sanskrit pronunciation of certain letters such as the anusvāra (for instance, saṃhar, compared to sanhar in Hindi). Mahimbhatta's second important literary work is the Shri Govindaprabhucharitra or Rudhipurcharitra, a biography of Shri Chakradhar Swami's guru, Shri Govind Prabhu. The eyelash reph/raphar (र्) is produced in Unicode by the sequence [ra र ] + [virāma ्] + [ZWJ] and [rra ऱ ]+ [virāma ्] + [ZWJ]. Mukundaraja bases his exposition of the basic tenets of the Hindu philosophy and the yoga marga on the utterances or teachings of Shankaracharya. are written in the same way. Further growth and usage of the language was because of two religious sects – the Mahanubhava and Varkari panthans – who adopted Marathi as the medium for preaching their doctrines of devotion. Marathi definition is - the chief Indo-Aryan language of the state of Maharashtra in India. Subsequent Maratha rulers extended the empire northwards to Attock, eastwards to Odisha, and southwards to Thanjavur in Tamil Nadu. University of Baroda", "University College of Arts and Social Sciences", "Department of P.G. [37] Adilshahi of Bijapur also used Marathi for administration and record keeping.[38]. [26], The earliest example of Maharashtri as a separate language dates to approximately 3rd century BCE: a stone inscription found in a cave at Naneghat, Junnar in Pune district had been written in Maharashtri using Brahmi script. A positive integer is read by breaking it up from the tens digit leftwards, into parts each containing two digits, the only exception being the hundreds place containing only one digit instead of two. Please tell us where you read or heard it (including the quote, if possible). Marathi – அலங்கரிக்கப்பட்ட. “What does it mean”, “What is its meaning”. Marathi gained prominence with the rise of the Maratha Empire beginning with the reign of Shivaji (1630–1680). Jawaharlal Nehru University (New Delhi) has announced plans to establish a special department for Marathi. Krishnadayarnava and Sridhar were poets during the Peshwa period. Native speakers of Marathi formed 70.34% of the population in Maharashtra, 10.89% in Goa, 7.01% in Dadra and Nagar Haveli, 4.53% in Daman and Diu, 3.38% in Karnataka, 1.7% in Madhya Pradesh and 1.52% in Gujarat. An IPA chart of all contrastive sounds in Marathi is provided below. [28] The earliest Marathi-only inscriptions are the ones issued during the Shilahara rule, including a c. 1012 CE stone inscription from Akshi taluka of Raigad district, and a 1060 or 1086 CE copper-plate inscription from Dive that records a land grant (agrahara) to a Brahmin.