Naturalized exotic tree species in Puerto Rico. Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Popenoe J, 1969. The leaves of the coconut palm are woven to make baskets and mats and are sometimes used in roofing. Species profiles for Pacific island agroforestry [ed. Position Paper presented during the Planning Workshop for Asia on Forest Research and Technology Transfer held July 16-28, 1984 at Kardy, Sri Lanka. Field guide to the palms of the Americas. This character may appear in any tall cultivar. Invasive species threats in the Caribbean region. Plant resources of South-East Asia. Wallingford, UK: CABI, CABI, Undated b. CABI Compendium: Status as determined by CABI editor. Plant resources of South-East Asia. World Checklist of Arecaceae. Male flowers are small and more numerous. Henderson A, Galeano G, Bernal R, 1995. Membership, Open today Janick, J., Paull, R. E., 2008. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. Kew Science: Plants of the World Online — Cocos nucifera. Coconut http://www.anaphylaxis.org.uk/knowledgebase/coconut/ Farnborough, UK. Since a leaf of a tall palm remains on the tree about 2.5 years after unfolding, the leaf number in the crown levels off at 30-35 after 6 or 7 years. The nuts have the capability to survive up to 120 days floating in the sea water and germinate when they make landfall. It is now also commercially preserved without altering its typical flavour. Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines: PCARRD-DOST. Lethal yellowing is a serious disease which has killed thousands of coconut palms in Florida. Wallingford, UK: CABI, CABI, Undated a. CABI Compendium: Status inferred from regional distribution. They are also planted as shade-trees in taro, cocoa and coffee plantations (Duke, 1983; Chan and Elevitch, 2006; Orwa et al., 2009; PROTA, 2014). Get exclusive updates, offers and more in our monthly newsletter. Please consider upgrading your browser to the latest version or installing a new browser. Johnson D, 1987. May be grown in containers (sow seed in spring) in a soil-based potting mixture with grit or sand added. Its flowers grow in clusters on a stem; a flowering structure known as an inflorescence. This species provides food, water, oil, medicine, fibre, timber, and fuel for many people living on islands in the Pacific Ocean (Chan and Elevitch, 2006). The steady state of both the canopy and the root system suggests that the coconut palm is built for a steady pace of growth in a constant environment. Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council's 2013 List of Invasive Plant Species., http://www.fleppc.org/list/2013/index.htm, Govaerts R, Dransfield J, Zona SF, Hodel DR, Henderson A, 2014. PROTA4U web database., [ed. Female flowers 1 or fewer than male flowers; larger, spherical structures, about 25 mm in diameter. Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA: Centre for New Crops and Plant Products. Wageningen, Netherlands: Plant Resources of Tropical Africa. The coconut palm, Cocos nucifera, impacts forest composition and soil characteristics at Palmyra Atoll, Central Pacific. C. nucifera is a palm tree with a great capacity for natural dispersal. Geneva, New York: WF. (Lista nacional de especies de plantas invasoras y potencialmente invasoras en la República de Cuba - 2011). Manila, Philippines: Bureau of Science. Vikaspedia, 2016. There are three dwarf-cultivar coconuts: the 'Niu Leka' from Fiji, differing from the tall only by its very short internodes and short rigid leaves; the medium-sized coconuts, such as the 'Malaysian Dwarf' from Indonesia, the 'Gangabondam' from India and the 'King' coconut from Sri Lanka; and the small dwarf cultivars that occur in various countries. For good nut yields, a minimum monthly mean of 20°C is required. Anaphylaxis, 2015. Coconut palm is a tree with a slim and smooth trunk, a crown of leaves, and rounded, green or yellow fruit. Unpublished. This ‘tree of life’ can protect, heal and feed; if you ever find yourself stranded on a desert island, the coconut palm may be all you need. Green husks (mesocarp) are used for making ropes, carpets, mats and textiles. Leitman P, Henderson A, Noblick L, Soares K, 2014. The wood of old palms is used for furniture, light constructions, household utensils and tool handles. Kairo M, Ali B, Cheesman O, Haysom K, Murphy S, 2003. World Wide Web page at http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/Indices/index_ab.html. Coconuts come from one of the most famous and useful palms in the world, the coconut palm. ), Wilson L, 1985. Pl. At about the same time, people from Indo-Malaysia were colonizing islands in Micronesia. A selection., 322pp. More information about modern web browsers can be found at http://browsehappy.com/. Trees commonly cultivated in Southeast Asia: an illustrated field guide. Guide to cultivated plants., Guide to cultivated plants:vii-xi + 516 pp. by Elevitch CR]. Coconut water or milk is abundant in unripe fruit but is gradually absorbed as ripening proceeds. Honolulu, Hawaii, USA: Permanent Agriculture Resources (PAR). It is commonly offered to a Hindu god or goddess during worship, and at Hindu weddings, coconut flowers are often on display as symbols of success. Distillation of palm wine yields a potent alcoholic beverage called ‘arak’. During the sixteenth century, European explorers introduced C. nucifera into West Africa, the Atlantic Coast of America and the West Indies (Little and Skolmen, 2003; Chan and Elevitch, 2006). Menon KPV, Pandalai KM, 1958. Needs minimum temperature of 64 degrees F. to produce fruit. Humans have also actively introduced large numbers of coconut palms inland from the natural coastal habitat of the species, and nuts (fruits) can move up to 10 m from the mother tree when growing inland. From 5 November our buildings will be closed in line with government guidance. Coconut oil is also processed into soap, detergents, cosmetics, shampoos, paints, varnishes and pharmaceutical products. A sweet sap containing about 15% sucrose is tapped from unopened inflorescences and is transformed into a light alcoholic wine when fermented. Haas A (ed. The annual sunlight requirement is estimated at above 2000 hours, with maybe a lower limit of 120 hours per month. 57, ii + 58 pp. C. nucifera grows on sandy beaches and coastal areas in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Find help & information on Cocos nucifera (F) coconut from the RHS Where are Plant Finder & Plant Selector? Jensen M, 1995. Buying something from the Kew Online Shop supports our vital science work. The fruits are green at first, turning brownish as they mature; yellow varieties go from yellow to brown (Chan and Elevitch, 2006; Orwa et al., 2009). Read the scientific profile on coconut palm. Coconut: Production, Processing, Products. 6 (Special Issue No. Coconut meat can be eaten raw or cooked. Phytopathologia Mediterranea, 24(3):260-261; [2 fig. At the rosette stage the growing point continues to enlarge until the size of the leaf initials reflects the prevailing growing conditions; then trunk formation starts. Cocos nucifera, commonly called coconut or coconut palm, is a tall tree that is native to tropical islands in the western Pacific. Coconut oil is commonly used in cooking, especially frying. IKISAN, 2016. , 2012. http://www.fleppc.org/list/2013/index.htm. Flora of China Editorial Committee, 2014. It is also believed that Polynesians migrating into the Pacific 4500 years ago brought with them coconut palms. PCARRD, 1993. Coconut milk is produced by grating the matue coconut meat, mixing it with water and then squeezing. North American Nut trees. Winter hardy to USDA Zones 10-12. When several references are cited, they may give conflicting information on the status. Like the leaves, the roots are replaced in a regular fashion: new roots emerging from the trunk above the others take over from decaying roots. Common Forest Trees of Hawaii (Native and Introduced). ; 2 ref. J. Coco. BSA Thesis. Honolulu, Hawaii, USA: Permanent Agriculture Resources (PAR). Our gardens are still open for you to enjoy time in the fresh air. On fertile soil, a tall coconut palm tree can yield up to 75 fruits per year, but more often yields less than 30. World Checklist of Arecaceae. Plants, Agriculture and Human Society. 10am–4.15pm (last entry 3.15pm), Tickets During this period, large coconut plantations were established in European colonies around the world including India, the Philippines, Tanzania, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Fiji, Vanuatu and Samoa (Duke, 1983; Chan and Elevitch, 2006; PROTA, 2014). Naam: Cocos nucifera Kokospalm Familie: Palmae Standplaats: Geen volle zon maar wel veel licht Water: Regelmatig water geven tijdens de groeiperiode. Oryctes rhinoceros (L.) Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Coconut rhinoceros beetle, New Pest Response Guidelines. Coconut wood. Washington, DC, USA: Smithsonian Institution. Boiling fresh sap yields palm syrup and sugar. See "Status", "Confidence level", "Source" for definitions. 1192 pp. 2. It is fairly adaptable with regard to temperature and water supply, and so highly valued that it is still common near the limits of its ecological zone. In India, the coconut forms the basis of some Hindu rituals. FAO Forestry Paper, No. by Elevitch, C. R.]. by Grubben GJH, Denton OA]. Grows best in warm, humid areas on sandy soils with plenty of sunlight and regular rainfalls. Madamba JC, 1985. Merill ED, 1903. During Narali Purnima, which marks the end of the monsoon season in India, fishermen give coconuts as offerings to the sea to celebrate the beginning of the new fishing season. In Colombia, coconut fruits are used to make glasses, vases, ashtrays, bracelets, belts, ornaments, busts, pencil holders, necklaces, and toys, whilst the leaves are used to make baskets and hats. The use of biotechnology for the safe movement of coconut germplasm, In: Oropeza C, Verdeil JL, Ashburner GR, Cardeña R, Santamaría JM, eds. 2.1. EPPO-PQR, Plant Quarantine Data Retrieval System, European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (requires download) https://www.eppo.int./DATABASES/pqr/pqr.htm, FDA, 2016. . World Checklist of Arecaceae. C. nucifera is a palm tree with a great capacity for natural dispersal. A selection. Grubben GJH, Denton OA, eds. A botanic garden in southwest London with the world’s most diverse living plant collection. Wallingford, UK: CABI. The PLANTS Database. The results are below. Female flowers are followed by single-seeded coconuts (to 14" long). The endosperm is soft and has a peculiar taste, and is considered a delicacy. Growth can be slowed down, but the size of new leaves and roots has been fixed a long time in advance and cannot be adjusted to short-term stress periods. Stud., 10(1):1-10. http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Duke JA, 1983. Arecaceae in the list of species of the flora of Brazil., Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro [Arecaceae in Lista de Espécies da Flora do Brasil].