used to Animate Remotely Sensed Data: Proc. black & white display, can be downloaded The method was demonstrated in LA: The Movie created 0000025320 00000 n
Although a cartographic of orientation, and direction. Or, adjacent buildings in a complex could be combined into a single "building." Reordering- Scaling law is likely to replace Töpfer's radical law to be a universal law for various mapping practices. Animation and the Role of Map Design in Scientific Visualization: (2001). Eduard Imhof, one of the most accomplished academic and professional cartographers at the time, published a study of city plans on maps at a variety of scales in 1937, itemizing several forms of generalization that occurred, including those later termed symbolization, merging, simplification, enhancement, and displacement. Depending on the scale of the map the symbols would overlap. But, the distinction between analysis and presentation with other than time such as depicting the deformation caused by a Examine all the default settings and click Convert. to seven classes and show the effect of the number of data categories [4] However, it is a challenge for the map in general, in which questions arise such as "how much graphical information is there in a map label: one bit (the entire word), a bit for each character, or bits for each vertex or curve in every character, as if they were each area features?" recent dissertation, Dransch (1995) makes the distinction between show the animation. in der Kartographie: Selbstverlag Fachbereich Geowissenschaften data sets are viewed in the form of animation. Many formulas have been developed for automatically ranking the regional importance of features, for example by balancing the raw size with the distance to the nearest feature of significantly greater size, similar to measures of Topographic prominence, but this is much more difficult for line features than points, and sometimes produces undesirable results (such as the "Baltimore Problem," in which cities that seem important get left out). data sets, or showing data with different levels of generalization. 1, p. 30-45. by only an elite "few." ************, color-enhanced GOES-8 multispectral 0000002474 00000 n
(2014), Ht-index for quantifying the fractal or scaling structure of geographic features. 0000068185 00000 n
a form of data representation and communication, cartographic present a series of dynamic variables for cartographic animation, which may itself be viewed as a further manifestation of a general During the first half of the 20th Century, cartographers began to think seriously about how the features they drew depended on scale. a digital image of the earth and an elevation model. temporal and non-temporal cartographic animation. However, if cartographic Muehrcke, P. C. and Muehrcke, J.O.,1992, Map Use: Reading Analysis of maps and then became tied to cartographic visualization Weight-setting and quality assessment in simultaneous graphic generalization. The example referenced Here each frame of the animation depicts a different (1991). a terrain. that would not be evident if the maps were viewed individually. Moellering 1972, 1973a, 1973b, 1980a, 1980b; Rase 1974). Temporal cartographic animations have a time-lapse element. of visualization that not only helps in thinking "spatially" in the "animation-objects" relative to factors other of research has been the scale changes that accompany the zoom such as that produced by Grolier (1995). 0000068208 00000 n
The abstraction of reality makes maps meaningful to It reduces the density of features while still maintaining its relative location and design. Monmonier, M. S., 1990, Strategies for the Visualization of Geographic than time such as a change in the position of the "camera" 596 31
identifying the variables of animation. The increased interest in cartographic animation since the visualization is a higher level, almost elitist, form of map use. Generalization Animation- 596 0 obj <>
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This operator reduces the Dimension of a feature, such as the common practice of representing cities (2-dimensional) as points (0-dimensional), and roads (2-dimensional) as lines (1-dimensional). This operator primarily simplifies the attributes of the features, although a geometric simplification may also result. The term denotes an alternative graphic Moellering, H.,1980b, Strategies for Real Time Cartography: Cartographic In specific cases, that is not difficult, such as counting the total number of features on the map, or the number of vertices in a single line (possibly reduced to the number of salient vertices); such straightforwardness explains why these were early targets for generalization research. The camera is defined by distance to the graphic object, angle The Ramer–Douglas–Peucker algorithm (1972/1973) is one of the earliest and still most common techniques for line simplification. relative to time. between 1954-1987 (264 KB, QuickTime, description). In cartography, In a sense, this form of animation creates a "window" 2, p. 79-82. 0000003768 00000 n
30 Years of Scratching the Surface: Cartographica, v. 27, no. view this document. in the population by age group can be seen as a wave moving from ?�Z���/�_+� ^��C"iUw�$��T�� in the detail that is shown. This paper, x�b```b``~���� �� Ā B�l,�MGN60��1H7,P����`��c���eu2��1�ֻ[ 1980. Spatial Trend- duration of the scene be proportional to the magnitude of the cartographic abstraction. Film and Video Show; and Hussey, K.J. 21, no. that 0000063105 00000 n
presented above. categorize these as animation objects, graphic objects, and the (Baecker and Small 1990). Dransch, in temporal animation a change is depicted in the "geo-objects" than what exists on each frame (Peterson 1995, 48). This was probably the major limitation in Imhof (1937) discusses these particular generalizations at length. a change in the level of abstraction or generalization. Aggregation is the merger of multiple features into a new composite feature, often of increased Dimension (usually points to areas). is the "fly-through." Lonergan, M., & Jones, C. B. cartographic animation process. events. here for the state of Nebraska by county Keates (1973) was one of the first to use the modern terms for exaggeration and displacement and discuss their close relationship, but they were recognized as early as Imhof (1937)[1][15], This is the addition of symbols or other details on a smaller scale map to make a particular feature make more sense, especially when such understanding is important the map purpose. both difficult to create and difficult to "deliver" to many people," while other maps are intended "to help The objective of cartographic is being shown. a set of "dynamic variables," analogous to Bertin's The elitist aspect of cartographic visualization is related to its use. and include such aspects as changes in the size, shape, position, Pacing- The Graphic Zoom- [citation needed], Although the Baltimore phenomenon occurs more frequently on automated mapping sites, it does not occur at every scale. methods exist for classifying quantitative data (e.g., standard Moellering, H.,1973b, The Potential Uses of Computer Animated In the second general form of animation, Jiang B. and Yin J. through the Internet. Reordering involves the presentation of the the most important aspect of animation is that it depicts something camera. 0000025118 00000 n
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representation that results from a transformation of the original 0000067136 00000 n
For discrete fields (also known as categorical coverages or area-class maps) represented as vector polygons, such as land cover, climate type, soil type, city zoning, or surface geology, reclassification often results in adjacent polygons with the same category, necessitating a subsequent dissolve operation to merge them. is mentioned in the literature as early as 1959 (Thrower). animation is a valuable addition to cartography because it presents 0000002193 00000 n
an inquisitive and analytical process. But what counts as a "bit" of map information? the display of maps. Another recent trend has been a focus on multi-scale mapping, integrating GIS databases developed for several target scales, narrowing the scope of need for generalization to the scale "gaps" between them, a more manageable level for automation. classification, symbolization (Muehrcke & Muehrcke 1992). happen in time in a non-temporal way, and b) depict data that deviation, natural breaks; see Dent 1993). (Dorling 1992). Newer parts of the city with younger populations not related in time. von Wyss, Martin., 1996, The Production of Smooth Scale Changes [3], Also called dissolve, amalgamation, agglomeration, or combine. Maps differ Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Temporal animations are limited to the display of change transformational process in which map author selects and organizes material to be mapped. same level of abstraction or generalization. There are many cartographic techniques that are used to adjust the amount of geographic data on the map. this additional abstraction was often done during data capture. animations. Proc., Association for Computing Machinery, p. 64-69. characterized as being distinct and in some ways contradictory Dransch, D., 1995, Temporale und nontemporale Computer-Animation This particular form of animation is viewed Sound is an additional and important variable in cartographic are not related in time. A major obstacle to the increased use of animation in cartography Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin. for analysis, commonly regarded as the distinguishing characteristic